English
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter_Island
Is a Polynesian island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeastern most point of the Polynesian triangle. A special territory of Chile annexed in 1888, Easter Island is widely famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called moai (pronounced /ˈmoʊ.аɪ/), created by the early Rapanui people. It is a World Heritage Site (as determined by UNESCO) with much of the island protected within the Rapa Nui National Park. In recent times the island has served as a cautionary tale about the cultural and environmental dangers of overexploitation. Ethnographers and archaeologists now argue that the introduction of diseases carried by European colonizers and the slave raiding, that devastated the population in the 1800s had a much greater social than environmental impact. Introduced animals—first rats and then sheep—were largely responsible for the island’s loss of native flora.
Português
pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilha_de_P%c3%a1scoa
é uma ilha da Polinésia oriental, localizada no sul do Oceano Pacífico (27º 10′ latitude Sul e 109º 25′ longitude Oeste). Está situada a 3700 km de distância da costa oeste do Chile e sua população em 2002 era de 3791 habitantes, 3304 dos quais viviam na capital Hanga Roa. Famosa por suas enormes estátuas de pedra, faz parte da V Região de Valparaíso, pertencente ao Chile.
Em rapanui, o idioma local, é denominada Rapa Nui ("ilha grande"), Te pito o te henúa ("umbigo do mundo") e Mata ki te rangi ("olhos fixados no céu").
Other Info / Outras Informações
Area:
163.60km2
Population:
3.900
Major city:
Hanga Roa
Easter Island (Rapa Nui in the Rapa Nui language, Isla de Pascua in Spanish language), is a Polynesian island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian triangle. The island is an overseas territory of Chile. Easter Island is famous for its monumental statues, called moai (pronounced MOE-eye), created by the Rapanui people. It is a world heritage site with much of the island protected within the Rapa Nui National Park.
Name
The name "Easter Island" was given by the island’s first recorded European visitor, the Dutch explorer Jacob Roggeveen, who encountered Easter Island on Easter Sunday 1722, while searching for Davis or David’s island.The island’s official Spanish name, Isla de Pascua, is Spanish for "Easter Island".
The current Polynesian name of the island, "Rapa Nui" or "Big Rapa", was coined by labor immigrants from Rapa in the Bass Islands, who likened it to their home island in the aftermath of the Peruvian slave deportations in the 1870s.However, Thor Heyerdahl has claimed that the naming would have been the opposite, Rapa being the original name of Easter Island, and Rapa Iti was named by its refugees.
There are several hypotheses about the "original" Polynesian name for Easter Island, including Te pito o te henua, or "The Navel of the World" due to its isolation. Legends claim that the island was first named as Te pito o te kainga a Hau Maka, or the "Little piece of land of Hau Maka". Another name, Mata-ki-Te-rangi, means "Eyes that talk to the sky.
Location and physical geography
Easter Island is one of the world’s most isolated inhabited islands. It is 3,600 km (2,237 mi) west of continental Chile and 2,075 km (1,290 mi) east of Pitcairn (Sala y Gómez, 415 kilometres to the east, is closer but uninhabited).
It has a latitude close to that of Caldera, Chile, an area of 163.6 km² (63 sq mi), and a maximum altitude of 507 metres. There are three Rano (freshwater crater lakes), at Rano Kau, Rano Raraku and Rano Aroi, near the summit of Terevaka, but no permanent streams or rivers.
Geology
Easter Island is a volcanic high island, consisting of three extinct volcanoes: Terevaka (altitude 507 metres) forms the bulk of the island. Two other volcanoes, Poike and Rano Kau, form the eastern and southern headlands and give the island its approximately triangular shape. There are numerous lesser cones and other volcanic features, including the crater Rano Raraku, the cinder cone Puna Pau and many volcanic caves including lava tubes.
Easter Island and surrounding islets such as Motu Nui, Motu Iti are the summit of a large volcanic mountain which rises over two thousand metres from the sea bed. It is part of the Sala y Gómez Ridge, a (mostly submarine) mountain range with dozens of seamounts starting with Pukao and then Moai, two seamounts to the west of Easter Island, and extending 2,700 km (1,700 mi) east to the Nazca Seamount.
Pukao, Moai and Easter Island were formed in the last 750,000 years, with the most recent eruption a little over a hundred thousand years ago. They are the youngest mountains of the Sala y Gómez Ridge, which has been formed by the Nazca Plate floating over the Easter hotspot.Only at Easter Island, its surrounding islets and Sala y Gómez does the Sala y Gómez Ridge form dry land.
In the first half of the 20th century, steam came out of the Rano Kau crater wall. This was photographed by the island’s manager, Mr Edmunds.
History of Easter Island
The history of Easter Island is incredibly rich and highly controversial. Its inhabitants have endured famines, epidemics, civil war, slave raids and colonialism, and the crash of their ecosystem; their population has declined precipitously more than once. They have left a cultural legacy that has brought them fame out of all proportion to their numbers.
There are many theories about the cultural composition and history of Easter Island. No two seem to agree. Most scholars consider the island’s culture Polynesian. But local traditions say the original culture consisted of two different races: the Hanau epe, or long-ears, the original settlers of the island with red hair and fair skin, and the Hanau momoko, or short ears, the Polynesian peoples generally associated with the Pacific.
Pedro Atan, an eleventh generation descendant of Ororoina told Thor Heyerdahl in 1955: "There were handsome people among our ancestors. There were two kinds of people on this island: some were dark (Polynesian) and some were quite fair skinned like you from the mainland, and with light hair. Real white people. But they were genuine Easter Islanderes, quite genuine. In our family there were many of the fair type, who were called oho-tea, or the light-haired. My own mother and aunt had [red] hair. … There were many of that type in our family, all the way back. We brothers are not like that. But my daughter who was drowned had milk-white skin and completely red hair, and so has my grown up son, Juan. He makes the twelfth generation after Ororoina."
That the population consisted of two distinct races was also noted by the first European to visit the island, Jacob Roggeveen, on Easter Sunday, 1722:
"Among the first who came aboard was a white man. He was ornamented with a crown of feathers on his head, which was close shaven." The islander was presented with several gifts including "two strings of blue pearls, a small mirror, and a pair of scissors." Particularly striking were the man’s artificially lengthened ears which contained "round white pegs as large as his fist." The lobes hung down to his shoulders. Roggeveen later noted that "masses of the islanders had their ears lengthened in this [same] manner." If their long ears got in the way when working, they removed the pegs and lifted the long flap up and over the upper edge of the ear.
"They are a tall, well built people," he continues, "who, so far as can be judged, are fair skinned [Polynesains] such as we know them in Tahiti, Hawaii and other eastern islands of the south seas. But the population is mixed, some are conspicuous by their darker skins, while others are quite white, like Europeans. A few are also of a reddish tint as if somewhat severely tanned by the sun. Many had beards."
"Many islanders went about stark naked, but with their entire body artistically tattooed in one continuous pattern of birds and strange figures. Others ware cloaks of bark cloth colored red and yellow. Some have waving crowns of feathers on their heads, and others [wear] queer reed hats. All are friendly, and we saw no weapons of any kind. Curiously there were hardly women to be seen, although the place was swarming with men. But the few women who showed themselves are more than cordial to us, without the men showing the slightest sign of jealousy."
According to tradition, the first oho-tea, (light-skinned) Hotu Matua, landed on the island’s North-Eastern shore at Anakena Bay sometime around 300 CE. (The remains of his stone house and fireplace are still in evidence there with carbon 14 dating of the ashes providing the date.) The two vessels in Hotu Matua’s party were so large they carried several hundred men, and Oroi, Matua’s worst enemy made passage as a stowaway.
A single moai or statue (representing Hotu Matua?) stands on the platform, or ahu, at the beach. It was the first of the ancient stone sculptures to be re-erected under the urging of Thor Heyerdahl during his 1955 expedition to the island.
Ecology
Easter Island, together with its closest neighbour, the tiny island of Isla Sala y Gómez 415 km further east, is recognized by ecologists as a distinct ecoregion, the Rapa Nui subtropical broadleaf forests. Having relatively little rainfall contributed to eventual deforestation. The original subtropical moist broadleaf forests are now gone, but paleobotanical studies of fossil pollen and tree moulds left by lava flows indicate that the island was formerly forested, with a range of trees, shrubs, ferns, and grasses. A large palm, Paschalococos disperta, related to the Chilean wine palm (Jubaea chilensis), was one of the dominant trees, as was the toromiro tree (Sophora toromiro). The palm is now extinct, and the toromiro is extinct in the wild. However, the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and the Göteborg Botanical Garden are jointly leading a scientific program to reintroduce the toromiro to Easter Island. The island is, and has been for at least the last three centuries, mainly covered in grassland with nga’atu or bulrush in the crater lakes of Rano Raraku and Rano Kau. Presence of these reeds (which are called totora in the Andes) was used to support the argument of a South American origin of the statue builders, but pollen analysis of lake sediments shows these reeds have grown on the island for over 30,000 years. Before the arrival of humans, Easter Island had vast seabird colonies, no longer found on the main island, and several species of landbirds, which have become extinct
Mhytes:
Hotu Matu’a
Hotu Matu’a was the legendary first settler and ariki mau ("supreme chief" or "king") of Easter Island.[1] Hotu Matua and his two canoe (or one double hulled canoe) colonizing party were Polynesians from the now unknown land of Hiva (probably the Marquesas). They landed at Anakena beach and his people spread out across the island, sub divided it between clans claiming descent from his sons, and lived for more than a thousand years in their isolated island home at the southeastern tip of the Polynesian Triangle
History
Polynesians first came to Rapa Nui/Easter Island sometime between 300 CE and 800 CE. These are the common elements of oral history that have been extracted from island legends. Linguistic, DNA and Pollen analysis all point to a Polynesian first settlement of the island at that time, but it is unlikely that other details can be verified. [2]
During this era the Polynesians were colonising islands acroass a vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean.
Hotu Matua led his people from Hiva. Linguistic analysis comparing Rapanui to other Polynesian languages suggests this was the Marquesas Islands.
[edit] Legend
It is said that Hau-Maka had a dream in which his spirit travelled to a far country, to help look for new land for King Hotu Matu’a. In the dream, his spirit travelled to the Mata ki te Rangi (Eyes that look to the Sky). The island has also been called "Te Pito ‘o te Käinga", which means "the Center of the Earth." Both islands are commonly said to be Easter Island.
When Hau-Maka woke, he told the King. The King then ordered seven men to travel to the island from Hiva (a mythical land) to investigate. After they found the land, they returned to Hiva. The King and many more travelled to this new island. [3]
[edit] Theories and controversy
[edit] Tu’u ko Iho
Resemblance of the name to an early Mangarevan founder god Atu Motua ("Father Lord") has made some historians suspect that Hotu Matua was added to Easter Island mythology only in the 1860s, along with adopting the Mangarevan language. The "real" founder would have been Tu’u ko Iho, who became just a supporting character in th Hotu Matu’a centric legends.[4]
[edit] Date of First settlement
There is considerable uncertainty about the accuracy of this legend as well as the date of settlement. Published literature suggests the island was settled around 300-400 CE, or at about the time of the arrival of the earliest settlers in Hawaii. Some scientists say that Easter Island was not inhabited until 700-800 CE. This date range is based on glottochronological calculations and on three radiocarbon dates from charcoal that appears to have been produced during forest clearance activities.[5] Whilst a recent study, with radiocarbon dates from what is thought to be very early material, proves the island was settled by 1200 CE.[6] This seems to be supported by the latest information on island’s deforestation that could have started around the same time. [7] Any earlier human activity seems to be insignificant or low impact.
[edit] South America or Polynesia
The Norwegian ethnographer Thor Heyerdahl pointed out many cultural similarities between Easter Island and South American Indian cultures which he suggested might have resulted from some settlers arriving also from the continent.[8] According to local legends, a group of long-eared[9] unknown men called as hanau epe[10] had arrived on the island sometime after Polynesians, introducing the stone carving technology and attempting to enslave the local Polynesians.[11] Some early accounts of the legend place hanau epe as the original residents and Polynesians as later immigrants coming from Oparo.[12] After mutual suspicions erupted in a violent clash, the hanau epe were overthrown and exterminated, leaving only one survivor.[13] The first description of island’s demographics by Jacob Roggeveen in 1722 still claimed that the population consisted of two distinctive ethnic groups, one being clearly Polynesian and the other "white" with so lengthened earlobes that they could tie them behind their necks[verification needed]. Roggeveen also noted how some of the islanders were "generally large in stature". Islanders’ tallness was also witnessed by the Spanish who visited the island in 1770, measuring heights of 196 and 199 cm.[14]
The fact that sweet potatoes, a staple of the Polynesian diet, and several other domestic plants – up to 12 in Easter Island – are of South American origin indicates that there may have been some contact between the two cultures. Either Polynesians have traveled to South America and back, or Indian balsa rafts have drifted to Polynesia, possibly unable to make a return trip because of their less developed navigational skills and more fragile boats, or both. Polynesian connections in South America have been noticed among the Mapuche Indians in central and southern Chile.[15] The Polynesian name for the small islet of Sala y Gómez (Manu Motu Motiro Hiva, "Bird’s islet on the way to a far away land") east of Easter Island has also been seen as a hint that South America was known before European contacts. Further complicating the situation is that the word Hiva ("far away land") was also the name of the islanders’ legendary home country. Inexplicable insistence on an eastern origin for the first inhabitants was unanimous among the islanders in all early accounts.[16]
Mainstream archeology is skeptical about any non-Polynesian influence on the island’s prehistory, although the discussion has become political. DNA sequence analysis of Easter Island’s current inhabitants (a tool not available in Heyerdahl’s time) offers strong evidence of Polynesian origins. However, since few islanders survived the 19th century slave raids and epidemics deportations (perhaps only 0.25% of the peak population) this evidence depends on how representative the survivors were of the general Rapanui population
Make-make
Make-make or Makemake in the Rapa Nui mythology of Easter Island, was the creator of humanity, the god of fertility and the chief god of the "Tangata manu" or bird-man cult (this cult succeeded the islands more famous Moai era).
He is a frequent subject of the island’s Petroglyphs.
Tangata manu
The Tangata manu (bird-man), was the winner of a traditional competition on Rapa Nui (Easter Island). The ritual was an annual competition to collect the first Sooty Tern (manu tara) egg of the season from the islet of Motu Nui, swim back to Rapa Nui and climb the sea cliff of Rano Kau to the clifftop village of Orongo.
Contestants were revealed in dreams by ivi-attuas (individuals with the gift of prophecy). The contestants would each appoint a Hopu who would swim to Motu Nui and fetch them the Egg; whilst the contestants waited at Orongo. The race was very dangerous and many Hopu were killed by sharks, drowning or by falling.
Once the hopu had presented the egg to the contestant a fire would be lit on the landward side of the rim of Rano Kau, the location of the fire would announce to the whole island whether the new Tangata manu was from the western or eastern clans.
The winner was given a new name and the title Tangata manu, and great power on the island. Including their clan having sole rights to collect that seasons harvest of wild bird eggs and fledglings from Motu Nui.
The Tangata manu would then lead a dance down the slope of Rano Kau and on either to Anakena if he was from the western clans or Rano Raraku if he was from the eastern clans.
Make-make was the chief god of the birdman cult, the other three Gods associated with it were Hawa-tuu-take-take (the Chief of the eggs) his wife Vie Hoa and Vie Kanatea.
The Birdman cult was suppressed by Christian missionaries in the 1860s. The start point is uncertain as it is unknown whether the cult replaced the preceding Moai based religion or had co-existed with it, but Katherine Routledge was able to collect the names of 86 Tangata manu.
Hanau epe
The Hanau epe or Long-ears were a group of semi-legendary people who are said to have arrived at Easter Island. According to some theories (particularly the one popularised by Thor Heyerdahl), they were a South American indigenous people; but most evidence suggests that the original Easter Islanders were Polynesian in origin
Sebastian Englert states that "Long-Ear" is a misinterpretation of Hanau ‘E‘epe "stout race".
The Legend
There are two legends about how the Hanau epe reached Easter Island. The first is that they arrived sometime after the local Polynesians and tried to enslave them. However, some earlier accounts place the Hanau epe as the original inhabitants and the Polynesians as later immigrants from Oparo or Rapa Iti. According to this story, after the arrival of both groups, mutual suspicions led to a violent clash, and the Hanau epe were exterminated, except for one. In 1772, a description of the islands demographics by Jacob Roggeveen claimed that there were two distinctive ethnic groups: Polynesians and ‘White’ people, whose earlobes were lengthened a great amount. This suggests that the Hanau epe were not exterminated, but still lived peacefully alongside the Polynesians.
Moai (statues)
The large stone statues, or moai, for which Easter Island is world-famous, were carved during a relatively short and intense burst of creative and productive megalithic activity. A total of 887 monolithic stone statues have been inventoried on the island and in museum collections. Although often identified as "Easter Island heads", the statues are actually complete torsos, the figures kneeling on bent knees with their hands over their stomach. Some upright moai have become buried up to their necks by shifting soils.
The period when the statues were produced remains disputed, with estimates ranging from 400 CE to 1500–1700 CE. Almost all (95%) moais were carved out of distinctive, compressed, easily worked volcanic ash or tuff found at a single site inside the extinct volcano Rano Raraku. The native islanders who carved them used only stone hand chisels, mainly basalt toki, which still lay in place all over the quarry. The stone chisels were re-sharpened by chipping off a new edge when dulled. The volcanic stone the moai were carved from was first wetted to soften it before sculpting began, then again periodically during the process. While many teams worked on different statues at the same time, a single moai would take a team of five or six men approximately one year to complete. Each statue represents a deceased long-ear chief or important person, their body interred within the ahu, or coastal platforms, the moai stand upon.
Only a quarter of the statues were installed, while nearly half still remain in the quarry at Rano Raraku and the rest elsewhere on the island, probably on their way to final locations. Moving the huge statues required a miro manga erua, a Y-shaped sledge with cross pieces, pulled with ropes made from the tough bark of the hau-hau tree, and tied fast around the statue’s neck. Anywhere from 180 to 250 men were required for pulling, depending on the size of the moai. Some 50 of the now standing statues have been re-erected in modern times. The first moai was re-erected on the beach of Anakena in 1958 using traditional methods during an expedition to the island by Thor Heyerdahl.
While the vast majority of moai follow a fairly standard design, a few are radically different, in most parts badly eroded and broken. These are believed to predate the better-known moai, including a kneeling statue with hands on its knees, parts of a statue with clearly carved ribs and a headless, rectangularly shaped torso. Similarities to Indian stone statues around Lake Titicaca in South America are striking, whether this is accidental or not.[13]
Ahu
Ahu are stone platforms on which some of the moai were erected. They vary greatly in layout and many have been significantly reworked in the islands during or after the huri mo’ai or statue-toppling era; many became ossuaries; one was dynamited open; and Ahu Tongariki was swept inland by a tsunami.
The classic elements of ahu design are:
A retaining rear wall several feet high, usually facing the sea.
A platform behind the wall.
Pads or cushions on the platform.
A sloping ramp covered with evenly sized, wave-rounded boulders on the inland side of the platform rising most of, but not all, the way up the side of the platform.
A pavement in front of the ramp.
Inside the Ahu was a fill of rubble.
On top of many Ahu would have been:
Moai on the pads looking out over the pavement with their backs to the rear wall.
Pukao on the moai’s heads.
And in their eye sockets, white coral eyes with black obsidian pupils.
Ahu evolved from the traditional Polynesian marae in which the word ahu was only used for the central stone platform, though on Easter Island ahu and moai evolved to a much greater size. The biggest ahu contained 20 times as much stone as a moai; however, most of this stone was sourced very locally (apart from broken, old moai, fragments of which have also been used in the fill).[14] Also individual stones are mostly far smaller than the moai, so less work was needed to transport the raw material.
Ahu are found mostly on the coast, where they are distributed fairly evenly except on the western slopes of Mount Terevaka and the Rano Kau and Poike[15] headlands. These are the three areas with the least low-lying coastal land, and apart from Poike the furthest areas from Rano Raraku. One ahu with several moai was recorded on the cliffs at Rano Kau in the 1880s, but had fallen to the beach by the time of the Routledge expedition in 1914.
Of the 313 known ahu, only 125 carried a stone moai. Others perhaps had statues made of wood, now lost. The majority of the rest had just one moai, probably due to the shortness of the moai period and difficulties in transporting them. Ahu Tongariki, one kilometer from Rano Raraku, had the most and biggest moai, 15 in total. Other notable ahu with moai are Ahu Akivi, restored in 1960 by William Mulloy, Nau Nau at Anakena and Tahai.
[edit] Stone walls
One of the highest-quality examples of Easter Island stone masonry is the rear wall of the Ahu at Vinapu. Made without mortar by shaping hard basalt rocks of up to seven tonnes to match each other exactly, it has a superficial similarity to some Inca stone walls in South America.[16]
[edit] Stone houses
Some 1,233 prehistoric stone "houses", called tupa in earlier times[17] and hare moa ("chicken house") later, are more conspicuous than the remains of the prehistoric human houses which only had stone foundations (except for those at Orongo). Stone houses were up to 6 meters long, with a distinctive boat-shaped structure combined with a stick and palm leaf or thatch superstructure. The entrances were very low, and getting in required crawling.
Germans excavated some of the Hare Moa in 1882 and found human remains inside. Locals told them that they were resting places for the ariki, Easter Island kings and chiefs. Each house had two small holes—if a hostile spirit entered through one, the spirit of the deceased could escape through the other. As such and also by their old name, the stone houses are seen similar to Indian chullpas in Peru and Bolivia.[18] Noteworthy is that the remaining numbers of the stone houses and moais are quite close to each other, possibly meaning that for each person buried in a stone house, a moai was immediately constructed. Usage of stone houses as graves seems to have ceased around the same time when production of moais ended and ancestral worship declined. During the turmoils of the late 18th century, the islanders seem to have started to bury their dead among the ruined ahus—the moai platforms—and use the stone houses as chicken shelters. There are no human remains in them any more.
[edit] Petroglyphs
Petroglyphs are pictures carved into rock, and Easter Island has one of the richest collections in all Polynesia. Around 1,000 sites with more than 4,000 petroglyphs are catalogued. Designs and images were carved out of rock for a variety of reasons: to create totems, to mark territory or to memorialize a person or event. There are distinct variations around the island in terms of the frequency of particular themes among petroglyphs, with a concentration of Birdmen at Orongo. Other subjects include sea turtles, Komari (vulvas) and Make-make, the chief god of the Tangata manu or Birdman cult. (Lee 1992)
Petroglyphs are also common in the Marquesas islands.
Rongorongo
The undeciphered Easter island script Rongorongo may be one of the very few writing systems created ex nihilo, without outside influence. Alternatively, the islanders’ brief but very visible exposure to Western writing during the Spanish visit in 1770 inspired the ruling class to establish Rongorongo as a religious tool.[19] Rongorongo was first reported by a French missionary, Eugène Eyraud, in 1864. At that time, several islanders still claimed to be able to understand the scripture, but all attempts to read them were unsuccessful. According to traditions, only a small part of the population was ever literate, Rongorongo being a privilege of the ruling families and priests. This contributed to the total loss of knowledge of how to read Rongorongo in the 1860s, when the island’s elite was annihilated by slave raids and disease.
Of the hundreds of wooden tablets and staffs reportedly having Rongorongo writing carved on them, only 26 survive,[20] all in museums around the world and none remaining on Easter Island. Decades of numerous attempts to decipher proved unfruitful. The scientific community did not agree on whether or not Rongorongo was truly a form of writing, until Thor Heyerdahl’s expedition in 1958 was given an ancient 41-page manuscript to photocopy. On its pages the rongo-rongo symbols were set in a column down the left hand side of the page and to the right of each sign, its definition was given in Easter Island Polynesian. (Two pages of the text were even reproduced in Heyerdahl’s book "Aku-Aku.")
Legends claim that Hotu Matu’a brought the original tablets with him when he first landed at Anakena; however, as Metraux pointed out, the largest tablet is made from a European oar. Also, as there is not a single line of Rongorongo carved in stone despite thousands of Rapanui petroglyphs and other remarkable stonework, Rongorongo probably originated on Easter Island in a rather late period.
The Rongorongo script has few similarities to the petroglyph corpus.[21]
[edit] Wood carving
Wood was scarce on Easter Island during the 18th and 19th centuries, but a number of highly detailed and distinctive carvings have found their way to the world’s museums. Particular forms include:[22]
Rei Miro, a gorget or breast ornament of crescent shape with a head at one or both tips.[23] The same design appears on the flag of Rapa Nui. Two Rei Miru at the British Museum are inscribed with Rongorongo.
Moko-Miro, a man with a lizard head.
Moai-Miro, human images often emaciated and sometimes with long ears.
Ao, a large dancing paddle.
Internet Page:
www.rongorongo.org/leyendas/index.htm
rokunga.blogspot.com/
Easter isl in diferent languages
eng: Easter Island
afr | nld: Paaseiland
ind | msa: Pulau Paskah / ڤولاو ڤسكه
ast: Islla de Pascua
aze: Pasxa adası / Пасха адасы
bos: Uskršnje ostrvo / Ускршње острво
bre: Enez Pask
cat: Illa de Pasqua
ces: Velikonoční ostrov
cor: Ynys Pask
cym: Ynys y Pâsg
dan: Påskeøen
deu: Osterinsel / Oſterinſel
epo: Paskinsulo
est: Lihavõttesaar
eus: Bazko Irla
fao: Páskaoyggin
fin: Pääsiäissaari
fra: Île de Pâques
frp: Ila de Pâques
fry: Peaske-eilân
fur: Isule di Pasche
gla: Eilean na Càisge
gle: Oileán na Cásca / Oileán na Cásca
glg: Illa de Páscoa
hrv: Uskršnji otok
hun: Húsvét-sziget
ina: Insula de Pascha
isl: Páskaeyja
ita: Isola di Pasqua
lat: Insula Paschalia
lav: Lieldienu sala
lit: Velykų sala
ltz: Ouschterinsel / Ouſchterinſel
mlt: Gżira ta’ l-Għid
mol: Insula Paştelui / Инсула Паштелуй
nds: Oosterinsel / Ooſterinſel
nor: Påskeøya
pol: Wyspa Wielkanocna
por: Ilha de Páscoa
rap: Rapa Nui
ron: Insula Paştelui
scn: Isula di Pasqua
slk: Veľkonočný ostrov
slv: Velikonočni otok
sme: Beassášsuolu
spa: Isla de Pascua
sqi: Ishulli i Pashkëve
srd: Isula de Pasca
swa: Kisiwa ya Pasaka
swe: Påskön
tgl: Pulau ng Pasko
tur: Paskalya Adası
vie: Đảo Phục Sinh
bel: Востраў Пасхі / Vostraŭ Paschi; Выспа Вялікдня / Vyspa Vialikdnia
bul: Великденски остров (Velikdenski ostrov)
kaz: Пасха аралы / Pasxa aralı / پاسحا ارالى
mkd: Велигденски остров (Veligdenski ostrov)
mon: Улаан өндөгний баярын арал (Ulaan öndögnij bajaryn aral)
rus: Остров Пасхи (Ostrov Pasĥi)
srp: Ускршњи острво / Uskršnji ostrvo
tgk: Ҷазираи Писҳо / جزیرۀ پسها / Çazirai Pisho
ukr: Острів Пасхі (Ostriv Pasĥi); Острів Великдня (Ostriv Velykdnja)
ara: جزيرة الفصح (Ǧazīrâtu l-Fiṣḥ)
fas: جزیرۀ ایستر (Jazīre-ye Īstar); جزیرۀ پاک (Jazīre-ye Pāk)
uig: پاسخا ئارالى / Pasxa arali / Пасха арали
urd: جزیرۂ ایسٹر (Jazīrâ-e Īsṫar)
heb: אי הפסחא (Î ha-Pasḥâ)
yid: קײסעך-אינדזלען (Keyseḫ-Indzlen)
amh: የፋሲካ ደሴት (yä-Fasika däset)
ell: Νησί του Πάσχα (Nīsí toy Pásĥa)
hye: Զատիկան կղզի (Zatikan kġzi)
kat: აღდგომის კუნძული (Aġdgomis kundzuli)
hin: ईस्टर टापू (Īsṭar ṭāpū)
guj: ઈસ્ટર ટાપુ (Īsṭar ṭāpu)
pan: ਈਸਟਰ ਟਾਪੂ (Īsṭar ṭāpū)
mal: ഈസ്റ്റര് ദ്വീപ് (Īsṟṟar dvīp)
tam: உயிர்த்த ஞாயிறு தீவு (Uyirtta Ñāyiṛu tīvu)
zho: 復活節島/复活节岛 (Fùhuó Jié dǎo)
jpn: イースター島 (Īsutā tō)
kor: 부활절 섬 (Buhwaljeol seom)
tha: เกาะอีสเตอร์ (Kɔ Īttə̄[r])
